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Stars are luminious matters of gas that consist particularly of hydrogen and helium and held at its core by gravity. According to the current star formation theory, stars first start of as a nebula of empty gas to eventually help these stars aid in falling towards inward gravity at its core. At this time, stars and their color come to truly portray since the color of a star ultimately shows how high or low the temperature of the star is.
The sun is one of the most vital components of life relative to Earth and other components in our galaxy. Formulating about 4.6 billion years ago, the Sun is unique with its formation begininning with the rotating could of gas, scientifically known as the solar nebula. Soon this was deteriorated because of gravity and flattened this core into a disk in order to pull more matter in to the sun the form today's Sun. On the surface of the soon exists sunspots that are roughly circular to emerge with dense bundles of magentic field lines. The number of sunspots that exist of the surface of this star is relative to the magnetic field of the sun.
Once a star has exhausted all of its nuclear fuel, it begins to expel its outer shell of material to create what is called a white dwarf. White dwarves tend to vary in size being slightly larger than the size of Earth but half as massive as the Sun. Since these stars aren't big enough to create internal pressure as a celestial body, gravity has more power over the dwarf to compact its size by pressuring its atoms to the center of its core. White dwarves, also called degenerate stars, have unusual properties seeing that the more mass a white dwarf has, the smaller it is in size. What is interesting about white dwarves are that they can tell us the age of the Universe by estimating how long it would take to these stars to become black dwarves.
Red Super Giant stars are the largest stars in the Universe by volume, but not necessarily the largest by mass. Stars ultimately become Red Supergiant stars once they undergo nuclear fusion where stars lose the hydrogen fuel in its core and becomes helium. The end of the life of a Supergiant comes once its core becomes solidified into carbon and leaves its core of being centric towards helium. Red Supergiants throughout its lifetime constantly release heavier elements of its core to exhaust all of its nuclear fusion through an exothermic reaction until the star's core can no longer sustain sufficiency towards outward radiation pressure.
A black hole is place in space where gravity pulls in so much that even the matter of light cannot escape it. In a black hole, the gravity is so intense due to the matter being compressed in such large dimension. Black holes are not visible to the human eye since even light cannot escape thus having telescopes are other types of devices to aid us to see these black holes. Black holes are formulated when the center of the star collapses and causes a supernova, thus when the supernova explodes a black hole is formed. Luckily, no black hole exists near the face of earth for earth to even be sucked into a black hole. According to NASA, the Sun is not big enough as a star to form into a black hole.